Antibody Sequences · opig

OAS

A curated database of antibody sequences from immune repertoire studies for antibody machine learning.

What OAS is

Observed Antibody Space (OAS) is a curated collection of antibody sequences produced by the Oxford Protein Informatics Group (OPIG). It compiles data from immune repertoire sequencing experiments across biological, medical, and chemical research.

The dataset addresses the need for large-scale antibody data and serves as a primary resource for antibody machine learning applications.

How it was made

The database collates more than one billion antibody sequences extracted from immune repertoire sequencing studies. The records are provided as text entries in CSV format and include study metadata, such as species annotations, which allow users to filter and stream targeted subsets of the data.

Key facts

Data volume: Over 1 billion antibody sequences
Data format: CSV
Modality: Text
Subject fields: Biology, medicine, chemistry

What you can use it for

Antibody machine learning: Training and benchmarking machine learning models using extensive sets of observed antibody sequences.
Species-specific repertoire querying: Streaming and analysing sequence subsets filtered by metadata attributes such as human species.

Explore the data

The schema, real rows, full-text search and a SQL filter — read in your browser, nothing downloaded.

Explore

Read the real rows without downloading anything

Reading rows…

LiveRead from opig/OAS at the moment you asked. Nothing is cached or stored — every row above came from that request.

How the columns are distributed

Over 470,087 rows of default/train

ANARCI_numbering_heavy

string_text

min: 848
median: 1,571
mean: 1570.59
max: 2,106

ANARCI_numbering_light

string_text

min: 920
median: 1,386
mean: 1396.00
max: 1,611

ANARCI_status_heavy

string_label

|Deletions: 10, 73||||98%
|Deletions: 1, 10, 73|||Shorter than IMGT defined: fw1|1%
|Deletions: 10, 73, 128|||Shorter than IMGT defined: fw4|1%

ANARCI_status_light

string_label

|||||95%
||||Shorter than IMGT defined: fw4|3%
||||Shorter than IMGT defined: fw1|1%

Isotype_heavy

string_label

IGHM74%
IGHA14%
IGHG12%

Isotype_light

string_label

Bulk100%
IGHM0%

Redundancy_heavy

string_label

1100%

Redundancy_light

string_label

1100%

c_region_heavy

string_text

min: 1
median: 71
mean: 93.96
max: 490

0.03% empty

c_region_light

string_text

min: 1
median: 136
mean: 165.14
max: 516

0.00% empty

cdr1_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 1
median: 8
mean: 8.36
max: 24

cdr1_aa_light

string_text

min: 2
median: 7
mean: 7.54
max: 22

cdr1_end_heavy

string_label

23524%
23615%
2147%

cdr1_end_light

string_label

20314%
18910%
1938%

cdr1_heavy

string_text

min: 3
median: 24
mean: 25.09
max: 72

cdr1_light

string_text

min: 6
median: 21
mean: 22.63
max: 66

cdr1_start_heavy

string_label

21224%
21315%
1917%

cdr1_start_light

string_label

16913%
18311%
17210%

cdr2_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 1
median: 8
mean: 7.81
max: 27

cdr2_aa_light

string_text

min: 2
median: 3
mean: 3.05
max: 14

0.00% empty

cdr2_end_heavy

string_label

31021%
3119%
2896%

cdr2_end_light

string_label

26313%
2499%
2538%

0.00% empty

cdr2_heavy

string_text

min: 4
median: 24
mean: 23.42
max: 81

cdr2_light

string_text

min: 1
median: 9
mean: 9.16
max: 42

0.00% empty

cdr2_start_heavy

string_label

28722%
28814%
2666%

cdr2_start_light

string_label

25513%
2419%
2458%

0.00% empty

cdr3_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 3
median: 15
mean: 15.79
max: 58

cdr3_aa_light

string_text

min: 4
median: 9
mean: 9.76
max: 23

cdr3_end_heavy

string_label

466.04%
469.03%
463.03%

cdr3_end_light

string_label

398.010%
384.08%
399.07%

cdr3_heavy

string_text

min: 9
median: 45
mean: 47.36
max: 174

cdr3_light

string_text

min: 12
median: 27
mean: 29.29
max: 69

cdr3_start_heavy

string_label

425.022%
426.09%
404.06%

cdr3_start_light

string_label

372.014%
358.010%
362.08%

complete_vdj_heavy

string_label

T96%
F4%

complete_vdj_light

string_label

T93%
F7%

d_alignment_end_heavy

string_label

315.05%
318.05%
312.05%

2.9% empty

d_alignment_end_light

string_label

309.00%
320.00%

100.0% empty

d_alignment_start_heavy

string_label

303.08%
300.07%
301.07%

2.9% empty

d_alignment_start_light

string_label

301.00%
311.00%

100.0% empty

d_call_heavy

string_label

IGHD3-10*0112%
IGHD6-19*018%
IGHD2-15*018%

2.9% empty

d_call_light

string_label

IGHD3-3*010%
IGHD4-17*010%

100.0% empty

d_cigar_heavy

string_text

min: 10
median: 15
mean: 14.58
max: 20

2.9% empty

d_cigar_light

string_label

451S11N10M549S10N0%
430S7N9M585S0%

100.0% empty

d_germline_alignment_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 1
median: 4
mean: 4.17
max: 12

2.9% empty

d_germline_alignment_aa_light

string_label

GDY0%
WSG0%

100.0% empty

d_germline_alignment_heavy

string_text

min: 5
median: 13
mean: 13.84
max: 37

2.9% empty

d_germline_alignment_light

string_label

GGTGACTAC0%
TTTGGAGTGG0%

100.0% empty

d_germline_end_heavy

string_label

21.09%
18.08%
16.07%

2.9% empty

d_germline_end_light

string_label

16.00%
21.00%

100.0% empty

d_germline_start_heavy

string_label

1.012%
3.09%
5.08%

2.9% empty

d_germline_start_light

string_label

8.00%
12.00%

100.0% empty

d_identity_heavy

string_label

100.076%
90.02%
90.9092%

2.9% empty

d_identity_light

string_label

100.00%

100.0% empty

d_score_heavy

string_label

14.1469%
12.2239%
16.0697%

2.9% empty

d_score_light

string_label

17.9920%
19.9140%

100.0% empty

d_sequence_alignment_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 1
median: 4
mean: 4.17
max: 12

2.9% empty

d_sequence_alignment_aa_light

string_label

GDY0%
WSG0%

100.0% empty

d_sequence_alignment_heavy

string_text

min: 5
median: 13
mean: 13.84
max: 37

2.9% empty

d_sequence_alignment_light

string_label

GGTGACTAC0%
TTTGGAGTGG0%

100.0% empty

d_sequence_end_heavy

string_label

451.02%
448.02%
445.02%

2.9% empty

d_sequence_end_light

string_label

439.00%
461.00%

100.0% empty

d_sequence_start_heavy

string_label

437.03%
439.03%
440.03%

2.9% empty

d_sequence_start_light

string_label

452.00%
431.00%

100.0% empty

d_support_heavy

string_text

min: 3
median: 7
mean: 6.91
max: 9

2.9% empty

d_support_light

string_label

1.6560%
0.43070%

100.0% empty

fwr1_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 14
median: 25
mean: 24.98
max: 39

fwr1_aa_light

string_text

min: 20
median: 26
mean: 25.59
max: 36

fwr1_end_heavy

string_label

21124%
21215%
1907%

fwr1_end_light

string_label

16813%
18211%
17110%

fwr1_heavy

string_text

min: 42
median: 75
mean: 74.96
max: 117

fwr1_light

string_text

min: 60
median: 78
mean: 76.79
max: 108

fwr1_start_heavy

string_label

13723%
13814%
1167%

fwr1_start_light

string_label

9413%
10513%
9811%

fwr2_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 10
median: 17
mean: 17.00
max: 31

fwr2_aa_light

string_text

min: 14
median: 17
mean: 17.00
max: 26

fwr2_end_heavy

string_label

28623%
28715%
2657%

fwr2_end_light

string_label

25414%
24010%
2448%

fwr2_heavy

string_text

min: 30
median: 51
mean: 51.00
max: 93

fwr2_light

string_text

min: 43
median: 51
mean: 51.00
max: 78

fwr2_start_heavy

string_label

23624%
23715%
2157%

fwr2_start_light

string_label

20414%
19010%
1948%

fwr3_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 32
median: 38
mean: 38.00
max: 58

fwr3_aa_light

string_text

min: 29
median: 36
mean: 36.02
max: 53

fwr3_end_heavy

string_label

42422%
4259%
4036%

fwr3_end_light

string_label

37114%
35710%
3618%

fwr3_heavy

string_text

min: 96
median: 114
mean: 114.01
max: 175

fwr3_light

string_text

min: 87
median: 108
mean: 108.07
max: 159

fwr3_start_heavy

string_label

31122%
3129%
2906%

fwr3_start_light

string_label

26414%
25010%
2548%

fwr4_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 7
median: 11
mean: 10.99
max: 12

fwr4_aa_light

string_text

min: 4
median: 10
mean: 9.96
max: 11

0.00% empty

fwr4_end_heavy

string_label

499.04%
502.03%
496.03%

fwr4_end_light

string_label

428.010%
414.07%
429.06%

0.00% empty

fwr4_heavy

string_text

min: 21
median: 33
mean: 32.96
max: 36

fwr4_light

string_text

min: 13
median: 30
mean: 29.91
max: 33

0.00% empty

fwr4_start_heavy

string_label

467.04%
470.03%
464.03%

fwr4_start_light

string_label

399.010%
385.08%
400.07%

0.00% empty

germline_alignment_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 107
median: 123
mean: 122.92
max: 164

germline_alignment_aa_light

string_text

min: 98
median: 108
mean: 108.94
max: 126

germline_alignment_heavy

string_text

min: 322
median: 369
mean: 369.64
max: 493

germline_alignment_light

string_text

min: 296
median: 325
mean: 327.80
max: 378

j_alignment_end_heavy

string_label

3649%
3679%
3708%

j_alignment_end_light

string_label

32224%
32517%
33113%

j_alignment_start_heavy

string_label

3224%
3244%
3254%

j_alignment_start_light

string_label

28811%
28510%
2897%

j_call_heavy

string_label

IGHJ4*0251%
IGHJ3*0213%
IGHJ5*0211%

j_call_light

string_label

IGKJ1*0118%
IGLJ2*0117%
IGKJ2*0115%

j_cigar_heavy

string_text

min: 7
median: 12
mean: 12.15
max: 17

j_cigar_light

string_text

min: 7
median: 13
mean: 12.58
max: 16

j_germline_alignment_aa_heavy

string_label

FDYWGQGTLVTVSS15%
DYWGQGTLVTVSS14%
YFDYWGQGTLVTVSS14%

j_germline_alignment_aa_light

string_label

VFGGGTKLTVL13%
YTFGQGTKLEIK10%
VVFGGGTKLTVL9%

j_germline_alignment_heavy

string_text

min: 22
median: 46
mean: 46.00
max: 63

j_germline_alignment_light

string_label

GTACACTTTTGGCCAGGGGACCAAGCTGGAGATCAAAC7%
GTGGACGTTCGGCCAAGGGACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAAC6%
GCTCACTTTCGGCGGAGGGACCAAGGTGGAGATCAAAC6%

j_germline_end_heavy

string_label

4849%
6216%
5014%

j_germline_end_light

string_label

3876%
3914%
363%

j_germline_start_heavy

string_label

115%
512%
611%

j_germline_start_light

string_label

129%
223%
318%

j_identity_heavy

string_label

100.069%
97.9172%
97.6742%

j_identity_light

string_label

100.080%
97.3684%
97.2223%

j_score_heavy

string_label

92.9769%
83.3637%
91.0546%

j_score_light

string_label

73.74927%
69.90415%
67.98114%

j_sequence_alignment_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 7
median: 15
mean: 14.74
max: 20

j_sequence_alignment_aa_light

string_text

min: 2
median: 12
mean: 11.44
max: 19

j_sequence_alignment_heavy

string_text

min: 22
median: 46
mean: 46.00
max: 63

j_sequence_alignment_light

string_text

min: 7
median: 37
mean: 36.23
max: 58

j_sequence_end_heavy

string_label

5003%
5033%
4973%

j_sequence_end_light

string_label

42910%
4157%
4306%

j_sequence_start_heavy

string_label

4582%
4572%
4542%

j_sequence_start_light

string_label

3957%
3926%
3935%

j_support_heavy

string_text

min: 5
median: 9
mean: 11.86
max: 22

j_support_light

string_text

min: 5
median: 9
mean: 8.88
max: 9

junction_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 5
median: 17
mean: 17.79
max: 60

junction_aa_length_heavy

string_label

16.011%
17.011%
18.010%

junction_aa_length_light

string_label

11.045%
12.022%
13.020%

junction_aa_light

string_text

min: 6
median: 11
mean: 11.76
max: 25

junction_heavy

string_text

min: 15
median: 51
mean: 53.36
max: 180

junction_length_heavy

string_label

48.011%
51.011%
54.010%

junction_length_light

string_label

33.045%
36.022%
39.020%

junction_light

string_text

min: 18
median: 33
mean: 35.29
max: 75

locus_heavy

string_label

H100%

locus_light

string_label

K61%
L39%
H0%

meta_Age

string_label

3856%
5017%
4517%

meta_Author

string_label

Jaffe et al., 2022100%

meta_BSource

string_label

PBMC100%

meta_BType

string_label

Naive-B-Cells45%
Memory-B-Cells38%
Unsorted-B-Cells15%

meta_Chain

string_label

Paired100%

meta_Disease

string_label

SARS-COV-227%
CMV17%

56.1% empty

meta_Isotype

string_label

All100%

meta_Link

string_label

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05371-z100%

meta_Longitudinal

string_label

no100%

meta_Run

string_label

12871544%
12871464%
12871534%

meta_Species

string_label

human100%

meta_Subject

string_label

Donor-356%
Donor-417%
Donor-117%

meta_Unique sequences

int

min: 843
median: 14,005
mean: 14154.11
max: 19,839

meta_Vaccine

string_label

No distribution reported for this column.

100.0% empty

np1_heavy

string_text

min: 1
median: 7
mean: 8.34
max: 90

4.6% empty

np1_length_heavy

string_label

np1_length_light

string_label

044%
216%
113%

np1_light

string_text

min: 1
median: 2
mean: 2.92
max: 44

45.6% empty

np2_heavy

string_text

min: 1
median: 7
mean: 7.80
max: 146

10.4% empty

np2_length_heavy

string_label

4.09%
3.08%
5.08%

2.9% empty

np2_length_light

string_label

3.00%
11.00%

100.0% empty

np2_light

string_label

AGG0%
GTTTTTTCCTC0%

100.0% empty

productive_heavy

string_label

T100%

productive_light

string_label

T100%

rev_comp_heavy

string_label

F100%

rev_comp_light

string_label

F100%
T0%

sequence_alignment_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 107
median: 123
mean: 122.93
max: 164

sequence_alignment_aa_light

string_text

min: 98
median: 108
mean: 108.94
max: 126

sequence_alignment_heavy

string_text

min: 322
median: 369
mean: 369.64
max: 493

sequence_alignment_light

string_text

min: 296
median: 325
mean: 327.80
max: 378

sequence_heavy

string_text

min: 426
median: 571
mean: 583.02
max: 1,126

sequence_id_heavy

string_text

min: 27
median: 27
mean: 27
max: 27

sequence_id_light

string_text

min: 27
median: 27
mean: 27
max: 27

sequence_light

string_text

min: 389
median: 568
mean: 593.90
max: 1,327

source_file

string_label

1287154_1_Paired_All.csv.gz4%
1287146_1_Paired_All.csv.gz4%
1287153_1_Paired_All.csv.gz4%

stop_codon_heavy

string_label

F100%

stop_codon_light

string_label

F100%

v_alignment_end_heavy

string_label

29627%
29516%
29412%

v_alignment_end_light

string_label

28413%
28712%
28610%

v_alignment_start_heavy

string_label

1100%

v_alignment_start_light

string_label

1100%

v_call_heavy

string_label

IGHV3-23*019%
IGHV4-39*015%
IGHV4-59*014%

v_call_light

string_label

IGKV3-20*0110%
IGKV1-39*019%
IGKV4-1*016%

v_cigar_heavy

string_text

min: 10
median: 13
mean: 13.00
max: 30

v_cigar_light

string_text

min: 10
median: 13
mean: 13.06
max: 25

v_frameshift_heavy

string_label

F100%

v_frameshift_light

string_label

F100%

v_germline_alignment_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 73
median: 98
mean: 98.00
max: 101

v_germline_alignment_aa_light

string_text

min: 87
median: 96
mean: 96.66
max: 106

v_germline_alignment_heavy

string_text

min: 219
median: 295
mean: 295.27
max: 352

v_germline_alignment_light

string_text

min: 261
median: 287
mean: 289.99
max: 338

v_germline_end_heavy

string_label

29628%
29516%
29412%

v_germline_end_light

string_label

28413%
28712%
28610%

v_germline_start_heavy

string_label

199%
30%
50%

v_germline_start_light

string_label

199%
31%
21%

v_identity_heavy

string_text

min: 4
median: 5
mean: 5.47
max: 6

v_identity_light

string_text

min: 4
median: 5
mean: 5.46
max: 6

v_score_heavy

string_label

463.03713%
461.4798%
459.9218%

v_score_light

string_label

444.348%
449.0147%
447.4566%

v_sequence_alignment_aa_heavy

string_text

min: 73
median: 98
mean: 98.02
max: 117

v_sequence_alignment_aa_light

string_text

min: 86
median: 96
mean: 96.66
max: 112

v_sequence_alignment_heavy

string_text

min: 219
median: 295
mean: 295.27
max: 352

v_sequence_alignment_light

string_text

min: 261
median: 287
mean: 289.99
max: 338

v_sequence_end_heavy

string_label

43211%
4317%
4335%

v_sequence_end_light

string_label

3917%
3946%
3926%

v_sequence_start_heavy

string_label

13723%
13814%
1167%

v_sequence_start_light

string_label

9413%
10513%
9811%

v_support_heavy

string_text

min: 5
median: 10
mean: 13.60
max: 23

v_support_light

string_text

min: 5
median: 10
mean: 13.62
max: 23

vj_in_frame_heavy

string_label

T100%

vj_in_frame_light

string_label

T100%

Strengths and limits

Good at

Contains an extensive collection of over one billion curated antibody sequences from repertoire sequencing studies.
Supports selective streaming and query filtering using metadata fields.

Questions

Can I look inside OAS without downloading it?

Yes. This page reads its schema, real rows and per-column statistics in the browser, with full-text search and a SQL filter. Nothing is downloaded to your machine.

What licence is OAS under?

Its authors declare cc-by-4.0. Read the terms on the original page before reusing the data.

What data does OAS provide?

It provides over one billion curated antibody sequences derived from immune repertoire sequencing investigations.

Can the dataset be filtered by organism?

Yes, subsets can be filtered during loading using metadata fields such as meta_Species.

What formats and processing frameworks are supported?

The records are stored in CSV text format and can be accessed using libraries such as Hugging Face Datasets, Polars, and Dask.

Written from OAS's own dataset card. Statements citing a figure that does not appear there are removed before publication. Licence and running details come from our registry.